Which author argues that non-human life is embedded within capitalist systems and must be accounted for in environmental analyses?

• A. Collard, Rosemary-Claire. Animal traffic: Lively capital in the global exotic pet trade
• B. Havlick, David G. Bombs away: Militarization, conservation, and ecological restoration
• C. Dryzek, J. S. The Politics of the Earth
• D. Kenis, A. Post-politics contested

Answer: (A)

Non-human life is embedded within capitalist systems and must be accounted for in environmental analyses. Rosemary-Claire Collard's work on the global exotic pet trade shows how animals become valuable inputs and commodities within expansive market networks, creating what some scholars describe as “lively capital.” This perspective demonstrates that environmental analysis cannot separate ecological outcomes from the economic and political processes that move and transform living beings for profit. By tracing how animals are bred, traded, regulated, and consumed within capitalist circuits, Collard makes clear that non-human life is not outside or incidental to environmental concerns but is actively shaped by and reshaping capitalist dynamics. The other authors approach environmental issues from different angles—militarization and ecological restoration, broad environmental politics and governance, or post-political critiques—without centering the integration of non-human life into capitalist structures as a core analytic move.