Which of the following is a consequence of deforestation?

• A. Loss of habitat, biodiversity reduction, soil erosion, and climate impacts
• B. Increased urbanization and economic growth without costs
• C. Higher soil fertility and reduced erosion
• D. Decreased greenhouse gas emissions globally

Answer: (A)

Deforestation removes the trees that shelter wildlife, protect soils, and store carbon, so it triggers several real-world consequences. With the forest gone, many species lose habitat and biodiversity declines because they lose shade, food, and shelter. Exposed soils erode more easily without tree roots and canopy to slow rain and hold nutrients, leading to nutrient loss and lower soil quality for nearby lands and crops. The climate impact comes from both reduced cooling and rainfall regulation by forests and the release of stored carbon when trees are burned or decay, which can raise atmospheric CO2 and influence regional climate patterns.

Some statements describe outcomes that don’t fit, such as unlimited urban growth with no costs, or higher soil fertility and less erosion, which runs opposite to what happens when forests disappear. Another claim suggests greenhouse gas emissions would decrease globally, but deforestation generally increases emissions by releasing stored carbon and reducing the land’s capacity to absorb CO2.