Which work emphasizes intersectionality of gender, class, and race in environmental outcomes?

• A. Adams
• B. Rocheleau et al.
• C. Bebbington
• D. Margulies et al.

Answer: (B)

The main idea being tested is how gender, class, and race intersect to shape environmental outcomes. Rocheleau and colleagues explicitly argue that environmental issues cannot be understood by looking at gender alone; they show how social differences and power relations—based on class and race as well as gender—produce different access to resources, participation in decision-making, and exposure to environmental risks. This feminist political ecology approach reveals that women, depending on their socioeconomic status and ethnic or racial background, experience environmental change and governance in distinct ways. By foregrounding how these identities overlap to influence who benefits from policies, who bears costs, and whose knowledge is valued, their work provides a framework for analyzing environmental justice beyond single-category analyses. Other works touch on gender or development, but they do not center the integrated, intersectional lens as clearly, which is why this author group is the best fit for emphasizing intersectionality in environmental outcomes.